Project Management Glossary

Navigating the world of project management can be complex, especially when you encounter specialized terms, acronyms, and methodologies from diverse frameworks like PMP, Agile, Lean, and Six Sigma. Whether you are a seasoned project manager, an aspiring professional preparing for certification, or a stakeholder aiming to understand project language, this comprehensive glossary of 400 essential project management terms is designed to support your journey.

This glossary covers core concepts, planning and scheduling, risk and quality management, procurement, leadership, and emerging trends in project management. Each term includes a clear, actionable definition aligned with industry standards and regulatory precision, making it an invaluable resource for professionals working across sectors, including aerospace, chemical, manufacturing, and more.

Use this glossary as a quick reference guide to improve communication, enhance project documentation, and build confidence in your project management expertise. Whether you are managing projects in France, the EU, or globally, this bilingual-friendly resource supports clarity and compliance in your professional environment.

You can also download the complete Project Management Glossary as a PDF for easy offline reference — just follow the link below.

Core Concepts

1. Activity
   A discrete, scheduled unit of work in a project.

2. Actual Cost (AC)
   The total cost incurred for the work performed.

3. Agile Manifesto
   A set of principles guiding Agile project management focused on collaboration and adaptability.

4. Assumption
   A factor considered true without proof during planning.

5. Baseline
   An approved reference point for scope, schedule, or cost.

6. Benefit Realization
   Process of measuring and ensuring project benefits are achieved.

7. Change Control Board (CCB)
   A group responsible for reviewing and approving project changes.

8. Change Request
   A formal proposal to modify any aspect of the project.

9. Closing Phase
   Final phase where project deliverables are accepted and documentation is finalized.

10. Communication Management Plan
    A document defining communication requirements and protocols.

11. Constraint
    A limiting factor such as time, cost, scope, or resources.

12. Contingency Reserve
    Budget/time allocated for identified risks.

13. Control Account
    A management control point within the work breakdown structure.

14. Corrective Action
    Steps to bring project performance back on track.

15. Cost Baseline
    Approved project budget used as a standard for measuring cost performance.

16. Cost Performance Index (CPI)
    Ratio of earned value to actual cost, measuring cost efficiency.

17. Critical Path
    The longest path through the schedule that determines project duration.

18. Customer
    The person or organization who will use the project deliverables.

19. Deliverable
    A tangible or intangible output produced by the project.

20. Dependency
    Relationship between two tasks where one depends on the other.

Planning

1. Duration
   Total time required to complete an activity.

2. Earned Value (EV)
   Value of work completed expressed in terms of the approved budget.

3. Estimate at Completion (EAC)
   Forecasted total project cost based on performance.

4. Estimate to Complete (ETC)
   Expected cost needed to complete remaining project work.

5. Fast Tracking
   Performing tasks in parallel to reduce schedule duration.

6. Feasibility Study
   Analysis to determine project viability.

7. Forecasting
   Predicting future project status and performance.

8. Gantt Chart
   Visual timeline showing project activities and durations.

9. Issue Log
   A record of problems that require resolution.

10. Kick-off Meeting
    Initial meeting to align project stakeholders and team.

11. Lag
    Delay between tasks in a schedule.

12. Lead
    Overlap time between tasks.

13. Lessons Learned
    Documentation of project successes and failures.

14. Milestone
    Significant event or point in the project timeline.

15. Network Diagram
    A graphical representation of activities and dependencies.

16. Objective
    A specific, measurable goal the project aims to achieve.

17. Organizational Breakdown Structure (OBS)
    A hierarchical model representing project roles and responsibilities.

18. Performance Measurement Baseline (PMB)
    Integrated scope, schedule, and cost baseline.

19. Precedence Diagramming Method (PDM)
    A scheduling technique showing task dependencies.

20. Project Charter
    Document authorizing the project and outlining objectives.

21. Project Management Plan
    Comprehensive document guiding project execution and control.

22. Project Sponsor
    Person or group providing resources and support.

23. Project Team
    Individuals working to complete project activities.

24. Quality Management Plan
    Document describing quality policies and procedures.

25. Quality Metrics
    Specific measures of project quality.

26. Requirement
    A condition or capability needed to satisfy stakeholder needs.

27. Resource Breakdown Structure (RBS)
    A hierarchical chart of resources organized by category.

28. Resource Leveling
    Adjusting resource usage to resolve conflicts.

29. Resource Smoothing
    Adjusting work timing without affecting critical path.

30. Responsibility Assignment Matrix (RAM)
    Chart mapping roles to project tasks (e.g., RACI matrix).

31. Risk Appetite
    Level of risk an organization is willing to accept.

32. Risk Avoidance
    Changing plans to eliminate risk exposure.

33. Risk Management Plan
    Document defining how risks will be managed.

34. Risk Register
    Log of identified risks and planned responses.

35. Risk Response
    Strategies to address risks: avoid, mitigate, transfer, accept.

36. Rolling Wave Planning
    Progressive detailing of work as project evolves.

37. Schedule Baseline
    Approved project schedule used for performance measurement.

38. Scope Creep
    Uncontrolled changes expanding project scope.

39. Scope Statement
    Detailed description of project scope and deliverables.

40. Scope Verification
    Formal acceptance of completed deliverables.

Execution and Control

1. Sprint
   Timeboxed iteration in Agile projects.

1. Stakeholder Analysis
   Process to identify and assess stakeholders.

2. Stakeholder Engagement Plan
   Strategy to manage stakeholder involvement.

3. Status Report
   Periodic update on project progress.

4. Success Criteria
   Standards used to judge project success.

5. Task
   A single unit of work.

6. Timeboxing
   Setting fixed time periods to complete tasks.

7. Tool
   Software or methodology used in managing projects.

8. Variance Analysis
   Comparing planned vs actual performance.

9. Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
   Hierarchical decomposition of project scope.

Agile & Scrum Terms

1. Agile
   An iterative project management methodology emphasizing collaboration and flexibility.

2. Agile Coach
   A mentor who guides teams on Agile practices and principles.

3. Backlog
   A prioritized list of work items or features in Agile.

4. Burndown Chart
   Graph showing remaining work versus time in an iteration or project.

5. Definition of Done (DoD)
   Criteria that must be met for a product increment to be considered complete.

6. Epic
   A large user story that can be broken into smaller ones.

7. Feature
   A distinct piece of functionality delivering business value.

8. Iteration
   A fixed timebox during which Agile teams complete work (also called Sprint).

9. Kanban
   A visual workflow management system using cards on boards.

10. Product Backlog
    A prioritized list of all work to be done on the product.

11. Product Owner
    Person responsible for maximizing product value and managing the backlog.

12. Retrospective
    A meeting to reflect on past work and improve future performance.

13. Scrum
    An Agile framework using fixed-length sprints and defined roles.

14. Scrum Master
    Facilitator who ensures Scrum practices are followed.

15. Sprint Backlog
    List of tasks to be completed in the current sprint.

16. Story Points
    A unit of measure for estimating the effort required to implement a user story.

17. User Story
    A simple description of a feature from the end user’s perspective.

Lean & Six Sigma Terms

1. 5S
   Lean methodology focusing on workplace organization: Sort, Set in order, Shine, Standardize, Sustain.

2. Continuous Improvement (Kaizen)
   Ongoing effort to improve products, services, or processes.

3. DMAIC
   Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control — Six Sigma process improvement cycle.

4. Defect
   A product or process flaw causing failure to meet requirements.

5. DPMO
   Defects per million opportunities, a Six Sigma quality metric.

6. Fishbone Diagram
   Also called Ishikawa or Cause-and-Effect diagram, identifies root causes.

7. Lean
   A methodology focused on eliminating waste to improve flow.

8. Process Capability
   Ability of a process to produce output within specification limits.

9. Process Mapping
   Visualizing steps in a process to identify improvement areas.

10. Root Cause Analysis (RCA)
    Technique to find the underlying cause of a problem.

11. Six Sigma
    A data-driven approach for process improvement aiming for near perfection.

12. Value Stream Mapping
    Lean tool that visualizes flow of materials and information.

Quality Management Terms

1. Acceptance Criteria
   Specific conditions a deliverable must satisfy to be accepted.

2. Benchmarking
   Comparing project processes and performance against industry standards.

3. Cause and Effect Diagram
   (Fishbone Diagram) Used to identify root causes of quality issues.

4. Control Limits
   Statistical boundaries defining acceptable process variation.

5. Corrective Action
   Measures taken to eliminate causes of nonconformities.

6. Defect Density
   Number of defects per unit size of a product or deliverable.

7. Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA)
   Systematic approach to identify and prevent potential failures.

8. Inspection
   Examination of deliverables to verify quality.

9. ISO 9001
   International standard for quality management systems.

10. Quality Audit
    A formal review to verify compliance with quality processes.

11. Quality Control (QC)
    Monitoring specific results to ensure they meet standards.

12. Quality Management System (QMS)
    Organizational framework for quality policies and procedures.

13. Quality Planning
    Defining quality standards and processes for the project.

14. Quality Assurance (QA)
    Systematic activities to ensure quality requirements are met.

15. Statistical Process Control (SPC)
    Using statistical methods to monitor and control processes.

Cost Management Terms

1. Budget
   The approved estimate for the project or project phase.

2. Budget at Completion (BAC)
   Total budget allocated for the project.

3. Change Control
   Managing changes to cost, scope, or schedule baselines.

4. Cost Estimate
   Approximate cost needed to complete project work.

5. Cost Variance (CV)
   Difference between earned value and actual cost.

6. Estimate to Complete (ETC)
   Expected cost to finish remaining work.

7. Funding Limit Reconciliation
   Adjusting planned expenditures to fit funding constraints.

8. Management Reserve
   Budget set aside for unforeseen work.

9. Planned Value (PV)
   Budgeted cost for work scheduled to be completed.

10. Reserve Analysis
    Estimating contingency and management reserves.

11. Schedule Performance Index (SPI)
    Ratio of earned value to planned value.

12. Variance Analysis
    Technique to assess deviations from cost or schedule baselines.

Communication Terms

1. Communication Channels
   The paths through which information flows.

2. Communication Management Plan
   Details how project communications will be planned and managed.

3. Communication Methods
   The ways information is transmitted (e.g., email, meetings).

4. Communication Requirements Analysis
   Determining stakeholder communication needs.

5. Information Radiator
   Visual display showing project status prominently.

6. Push Communication
   Information sent directly to recipients without immediate feedback.

7. Pull Communication
   Information stored for stakeholders to access on demand.

8. Stakeholder Communication
   Tailoring communication to meet stakeholder expectations.

Procurement Terms

1. Bid
   A seller’s proposal to provide goods or services.

2. Contract
   A legally binding agreement between buyer and seller.

3. Contract Management
   Administering contracts to ensure compliance and performance.

4. Fixed-Price Contract
   Contract with a set price regardless of actual costs.

5. Procurement Management Plan
   Document outlining procurement strategy and processes.

6. Request for Proposal (RFP)
   Document inviting vendors to submit proposals.

Advanced Scheduling & Time Management

1. Activity-on-Arrow (AOA)
   A network diagramming technique where arrows represent activities.

2. Activity-on-Node (AON)
   A network diagramming method where nodes represent activities.

3. Calendar
   Defines working days and hours for scheduling.

4. Critical Chain
   Schedule method that considers resource constraints and buffers.

5. Crashing
   Adding resources to reduce schedule duration at increased cost.

6. Fast Tracking
   Executing activities in parallel to shorten the schedule.

7. Float
   Amount of time an activity can be delayed without affecting the project.

8. Free Float
   Time an activity can be delayed without delaying the next activity.

9. Lag
   Delay between dependent activities.

10. Lead
    Overlap time between activities.

Leadership & Team Management

1. Authority
   The power to make decisions and allocate resources.

2. Burnout
   Physical or emotional exhaustion due to prolonged stress.

3. Coaching
   Guiding team members to improve performance.

4. Conflict Resolution
   Techniques to address disagreements within the team.

5. Decision Making
   The process of choosing among alternatives.

6. Emotional Intelligence (EI)
   Ability to understand and manage emotions.

7. Empowerment
   Giving team members authority and responsibility.

8. Motivation
   Internal or external factors driving behavior.

9. Negotiation
   Process of reaching an agreement through discussion.

10. Servant Leadership
    Leadership style focused on serving team needs.

Governance & Compliance

1. Audit Trail
   Documented history of project decisions and changes.

2. Compliance
   Adherence to laws, regulations, and standards.

3. Corporate Governance
   System of rules and processes by which companies are directed.

4. Ethics
   Principles guiding right and wrong behavior.

5. Governance Framework
   Structure of policies and processes guiding project management.

6. Legal Requirements
   Laws and regulations applicable to the project.

7. Policy
   A formal rule or guideline.

8. Regulatory Compliance
   Conformance with government laws and regulations.

9. Risk Governance
   Oversight and management of risk at organizational level.

10. Standards
    Agreed-upon criteria or specifications.

Portfolio & Program Management

1. Benefit Management
   Process to ensure projects deliver intended benefits.

2. Balanced Scorecard
   Strategic planning tool measuring financial and operational performance.

3. Business Case
   Document justifying investment in a project or program.

4. Capacity Planning
   Determining resource availability for projects.

5. Governance Body
   Group overseeing portfolio or program management.

6. Key Result Area (KRA)
   A critical goal or output.

7. Portfolio
   Collection of projects and programs managed together.

8. Portfolio Management
   Coordinated management of projects to achieve strategic objectives.

9. Program
   Group of related projects managed in a coordinated way.

10. Program Management Office (PgMO)
    Organizational unit supporting program management.

Organizational Culture & Structure

1. Culture
   Shared values, beliefs, and behaviors in an organization.

2. Functional Organization
   Structure based on specialized departments.

3. Matrix Organization
   A hybrid structure combining functional and projectized forms.

4. Organizational Process Assets (OPA)
   Plans, processes, and knowledge bases used by the organization.

5. Organizational Structure
   Formal system defining roles and responsibilities.

6. Projectized Organization
   Structure where projects have full authority over resources.

7. Team Norms
   Agreed behaviors and expectations within a team.

8. Virtual Team
   A team working remotely using technology.

9. Work Authorization
   Formal permission to start project work.

10. Work Performance Reports
    Summaries of project performance data.

Stakeholder Engagement & Management

1. Active Listening
   Fully concentrating and understanding what is said.

2. Change Agent
   Person driving change initiatives.

3. Engagement Level
   Degree of stakeholder involvement.

4. Interest and Influence Grid
   Tool to map stakeholders by their interest and power.

5. Issue Management
   Process to identify and resolve stakeholder issues.

6. Negotiation Strategy
   Plan to achieve desired outcomes in discussions.

7. Power/Interest Grid
   Mapping of stakeholders according to influence and interest.

8. RACI Matrix
   Chart defining roles: Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, Informed.

9. Stakeholder Analysis
   Process to identify and prioritize stakeholders.

10. Stakeholder Engagement Plan
    Strategy for involving stakeholders effectively.

Risk Management (Advanced)

1. Black Swan Event
   Highly improbable and impactful event.

2. Contingency Plan
   Predefined actions if risk occurs.

3. Exploit Strategy
   Positive risk response to ensure opportunity is realized.

4. Fallback Plan
   Backup actions if primary response fails.

5. Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS)
   Hierarchical representation of risks.

6. Risk Escalation
   Raising a risk to higher authority when out of control.

7. Risk Impact Matrix
   Tool to evaluate risk impact versus probability.

8. Risk Threshold
   Acceptable level of risk exposure.

9. Secondary Risk
   Risk that arises as a result of risk response.

10. Trigger Condition
    Signal indicating risk occurrence.

Tools & Technology

1. Baseline Shift
   A change to the original project baseline after formal approval.

2. Bug Tracking System
   Software used to report, track, and manage defects.

3. Collaboration Tool
   Software facilitating team communication and document sharing.

4. Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM)
   Method focusing on resource constraints and buffers.

5. Dashboard
   Visual display of key project metrics.

6. Earned Schedule (ES)
   Schedule performance metric based on earned value.

7. Issue Tracking Tool
   Software used to document and resolve project issues.

8. Kanban Board
   Visual tool displaying work items and workflow stages.

9. Microsoft Project
   Popular project management software for scheduling and tracking.

10. PMIS (Project Management Information System)
    System providing tools and data for managing projects.

11. Risk Management Software
    Tools to identify, assess, and monitor risks.

12. SharePoint
    Platform for document management and collaboration.

13. Slack
    Communication tool popular for team messaging.

14. Trello
    Visual project management tool using boards and cards.

15. Workfront
    Enterprise work management software.

Certifications & Professional Bodies

1. CAPM (Certified Associate in Project Management)
   Entry-level PMI certification for project practitioners.

2. Green Belt
   Intermediate Six Sigma certification for process improvement.

3. IPMA (International Project Management Association)
   Global project management professional association.

4. Lean Six Sigma
   Methodology combining Lean and Six Sigma principles.

5. PMP (Project Management Professional)
   Globally recognized PMI certification for experienced project managers.

6. Prince2 (Projects IN Controlled Environments)
   Process-based project management method.

7. PMI (Project Management Institute)
   Professional organization offering certifications and standards.

8. PMI-ACP (Agile Certified Practitioner)
   Certification focusing on Agile methodologies.

9. PMO Certification
   Credential for professionals managing Project Management Offices.

10. Scrum Certification
    Various certifications validating Scrum knowledge and skills.

Metrics & KPIs

1. Cost Performance Index (CPI)
   EV divided by AC; measures cost efficiency.

2. Defect Rate
   Number of defects per unit or deliverable.

3. Earned Value (EV)
   Value of work performed expressed in budget terms.

4. Estimate at Completion (EAC)
   Projected total cost based on current performance.

5. Key Performance Indicator (KPI)
   Metric used to evaluate project success.

6. Planned Value (PV)
   Budgeted cost for scheduled work.

7. Schedule Performance Index (SPI)
   EV divided by PV; measures schedule efficiency.

8. Schedule Variance (SV)
   Difference between EV and PV.

9. Scope Variance
   Difference between planned and actual project scope.

10. Work Performance Data
    Raw data collected during project execution.

International Standards & Frameworks

1. ISO 21500
   International standard for project management guidance.

2. ISO 31000
   International standard for risk management.

3. PMBOK (Project Management Body of Knowledge)
   PMI’s guide outlining project management standards and practices.

4. PRINCE2
   Widely adopted UK-based project management methodology.

5. SAFe (Scaled Agile Framework)
   Framework for applying Agile at enterprise scale.

Contracting & Legal Terms

1. Agreement
   Mutually accepted understanding between parties.

2. Arbitration
   Process of resolving disputes outside courts.

3. Bidder
   Entity submitting a proposal to provide goods or services.

4. Change Order
   Document approving changes to contract scope or terms.

5. Claims Management
   Handling disputes or demands for compensation.

6. Contract Types
   Fixed-price, cost-reimbursable, time and materials, etc.

7. Contractor
   Party contracted to perform work or provide services.

8. Force Majeure
   Clause covering unforeseeable events preventing contract fulfillment.

9. Indemnity
   Protection against loss or damage.

10. Intellectual Property (IP)
    Rights over creations and inventions.

11. Lien
    Legal claim on assets until debts are paid.

12. Liquidated Damages
    Pre-agreed compensation for breach or delay.

13. Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA)
    Contract preventing sharing of confidential information.

14. Procurement
    Process of acquiring goods and services.

15. Purchase Order (PO)
    Formal order issued to supplier.

16. Retainage
    Portion of payment withheld until contract completion.

17. Scope of Work (SOW)
    Detailed description of work to be performed.

18. Subcontractor
    Party hired by the contractor to perform part of the work.

19. Termination Clause
    Contract provision for ending the agreement.

20. Warranty
    Assurance that deliverables meet specified standards.

Legal & Regulatory Compliance

1. Compliance Audit
   Evaluation of adherence to regulations.

2. Data Protection
   Policies to safeguard personal and sensitive data.

3. Environmental Regulations
   Laws governing environmental impact.

4. Health and Safety
   Standards ensuring workplace safety.

5. Import/Export Controls
   Regulations managing cross-border goods movement.

6. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)
   Legal rights protecting inventions and creations.

7. ISO Standards
   International norms for quality, environment, and safety.

8. Regulatory Agency
   Government body enforcing laws and standards.

9. Sustainability Requirements
   Project criteria addressing environmental and social responsibility.

10. Trade Compliance
    Adherence to international trade laws and sanctions.

Industry-Specific Terms

1. Active Ingredient
   Primary chemical component in a product, important in chemical packaging regulations.

2. Aerospace Standards
   Regulatory guidelines specific to aerospace industry projects (e.g., AS9100).

3. Bill of Materials (BOM)
   A comprehensive list of raw materials, components, and assemblies.

4. CAPA (Corrective and Preventive Action)
   Processes in manufacturing and chemical sectors to address quality issues.

5. Certification of Analysis (CoA)
   Document confirming product specifications compliance.

6. Compliance Matrix
   A document mapping project requirements to regulations.

7. Container Integrity Testing
   Tests ensuring packaging maintains product safety and quality.

8. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
   Evaluation of potential environmental effects of a project.

9. Explosion-proof Equipment
   Devices designed to operate safely in hazardous environments.

10. Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)
    Regulations ensuring products are consistently produced and controlled.

11. Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP)
    System for identifying and controlling food safety hazards.

12. Hazardous Material (HazMat)
    Substances that pose risks to health, safety, or environment.

13. Labeling Compliance
    Adherence to regulatory requirements for product labeling.

14. Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
    Document detailing safety information about chemical substances.

15. Packaging Lifecycle
    Phases of packaging development from design to disposal.

16. Process Hazard Analysis (PHA)
    Techniques to identify potential hazards in chemical processes.

17. Product Stewardship
    Managing the environmental, health, and safety aspects of a product.

18. Quality Assurance in Aerospace
    Systems ensuring quality in aerospace manufacturing and projects.

19. Regulatory Affairs
    Function managing compliance with regulations.

20. Risk Assessment Matrix
    Tool to evaluate risk severity and likelihood.

Sustainability & Environmental Terms

1. Carbon Footprint
   Total greenhouse gas emissions caused by a project or product.

2. Circular Economy
   Economic model focusing on reuse and recycling to minimize waste.

3. Cradle-to-Cradle
   Design framework emphasizing sustainable product lifecycle.

4. Eco-Design
   Design approach minimizing environmental impact.

5. Energy Efficiency
   Using less energy to perform the same function.

6. Environmental Management System (EMS)
   Framework to manage environmental policies and objectives.

7. Green Procurement
   Acquiring products and services with minimal environmental impact.

8. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
   Analysis of environmental impact over a product’s life.

9. Recyclability
   Ability of a product or material to be recycled.

10. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
    UN goals to promote sustainability worldwide.

Innovation & Change Management

1. Adoption Curve
   Model showing stages of technology or process adoption.

2. Change Management Plan
   Document outlining how change will be implemented and managed.

3. Change Resistance
   Opposition to changes in processes or organization.

4. Continuous Delivery
   Practice of releasing updates frequently and reliably.

5. Design Thinking
   User-centered problem-solving approach.

6. Disruptive Innovation
   Innovation that significantly alters industries or markets.

7. Innovation Pipeline
   Stages of developing new ideas into products.

8. Kaizen Event
   Focused workshop to implement rapid process improvements.

9. Lean Startup
   Methodology for developing businesses and products iteratively.

10. Organizational Change
    Transition in company culture, processes, or structure.

11. Pilot Project
    Small-scale test of a change or innovation.

12. Process Reengineering
    Radical redesign of processes for improvement.

13. Resistance Management
    Techniques to handle opposition during change.

14. Root Cause Analysis (RCA)
    Identifying fundamental causes of issues.

15. Stakeholder Buy-In
    Securing stakeholder support for initiatives.

Additional Project Management Concepts

1. Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR)
   Comparison of project benefits to costs.

2. Blue Team
   Group focused on defense and security in project risk.

3. Burn Rate
   Rate at which project budget is spent.

4. Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI)
   Process improvement approach.

5. Critical Success Factors (CSFs)
   Key areas that must be achieved for success.

6. Customer Journey Mapping
   Visualizing customer experience with a product or service.

7. Data-Driven Decision Making
   Using data analysis to guide project choices.

8. Deliverable Acceptance
   Formal approval of project outputs.

9. Earned Value Management (EVM)
   Technique integrating scope, schedule, and cost measures.

10. Escalation Path
    Process to raise issues to higher authority.

11. Integrated Change Control
    Coordinated management of change requests.

12. Knowledge Management
    Processes for capturing and sharing project knowledge.

13. Lessons Learned Repository
    Centralized collection of lessons from projects.

14. Management by Objectives (MBO)
    Performance management based on goal achievement.

15. Milestone Trend Analysis
    Monitoring project milestones over time.

16. Net Present Value (NPV)
    Present value of cash flows minus initial investment.

17. Opportunity Cost
    Value of the best alternative foregone.

18. Pareto Principle
    80/20 rule stating 80% of effects come from 20% of causes.

19. Portfolio Prioritization
    Ranking projects based on strategic value.

20. Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)
    Scheduling method using probabilistic time estimates.

21. Project Life Cycle
    Phases from initiation to closure.

22. Quality Gate
    Checkpoint ensuring quality standards before proceeding.

23. Risk Burndown Chart
    Visual tool tracking risk reduction over time.

24. Scope Baseline
    Approved version of project scope statement and WBS.

25. Stakeholder Register
    Document listing stakeholders and relevant information.

Emerging Trends & Digital Transformation

1. Artificial Intelligence (AI) in PM
   Use of AI tools to automate and enhance project management tasks.

2. Blockchain in Projects
   Distributed ledger technology for transparent and secure transactions.

3. Cloud Computing
   Delivery of computing services over the internet for flexibility and scalability.

4. Data Analytics
   Analyzing project data to improve decision-making.

5. Digital Twin
   Virtual model replicating a physical project or system for simulation.

6. Hybrid Project Management
   Combining traditional and Agile methodologies.

7. Internet of Things (IoT)
   Network of interconnected devices used in project monitoring.

8. Machine Learning
   AI subset that enables systems to learn from data patterns.

9. Robotic Process Automation (RPA)
   Use of software robots to automate repetitive tasks.

10. Virtual Reality (VR) in PM
    Use of VR for immersive project planning and training.

Coaching, Mentoring & Soft Skills

1. Active Listening
   Fully focusing on and understanding communication.

2. Assertiveness
   Confidently expressing ideas while respecting others.

3. Coaching
   Supporting individual growth and performance improvement.

4. Emotional Intelligence (EI)
   Recognizing and managing emotions in oneself and others.

5. Feedback
   Providing constructive information to improve performance.

6. Mentoring
   Guiding less experienced individuals for development.

7. Mindfulness
   Awareness and focus on the present moment.

8. Negotiation Skills
   Techniques for reaching agreements and resolving conflicts.

9. Problem-Solving
   Identifying solutions to challenges.

10. Resilience
    Ability to recover from setbacks.

Hybrid & Agile Scaling Frameworks

1. Disciplined Agile Delivery (DAD)
   Hybrid Agile approach combining Scrum, Lean, and others.

2. Enterprise Agile
   Scaling Agile principles across large organizations.

3. LeSS (Large Scale Scrum)
   Framework for scaling Scrum to multiple teams.

4. Nexus
   Agile scaling framework by Scrum.org for 3–9 teams.

5. Spotify Model
   Organizational structure promoting autonomy and alignment.

6. Scaled Agile Framework (SAFe)
   Comprehensive framework for implementing Agile at enterprise level.

7. Scrum of Scrums
   Coordination method for multiple Scrum teams.

8. Value Stream
   Sequence of activities delivering value to the customer.

Project Closeout & Review

1. Acceptance Criteria
   Conditions that must be met for deliverables to be accepted.

2. Closeout Report
   Document summarizing project performance and lessons.

3. Customer Satisfaction Survey
   Feedback tool to evaluate stakeholder contentment.

4. Final Acceptance
   Formal approval of completed project deliverables.

5. Post-Implementation Review
   Assessment of project outcomes after delivery.

6. Project Archives
   Storage of project documentation for future reference.

7. Project Closure Checklist
   List of activities to ensure orderly project completion.

Additional Concepts

1. Baseline Replanning
   Adjusting baselines after significant changes.

2. Burnup Chart
   Graph showing work completed over time.

3. Capability Assessment
   Evaluation of organization’s ability to deliver projects.

4. Decision Tree Analysis
   Tool to evaluate options and outcomes.

5. Dependency Structure Matrix (DSM)
   Matrix visualizing dependencies among tasks or teams.

6. Error Budget
   Allowable margin of error in project deliverables.

7. Integrated Master Schedule (IMS)
   Comprehensive schedule integrating all project activities.

8. Knowledge Transfer
   Sharing information between team members or projects.

9. Lead Time
   Time between initiation and completion of a process step.

10. Lessons Learned Session
    Meeting to discuss successes and challenges.

11. Monte Carlo Simulation
    Technique using random sampling to predict project outcomes.

12. Project Scorecard
    Tool summarizing key performance indicators.

13. Risk Burn Rate
    Speed at which project risks are mitigated.

14. Work Package
    Smallest unit of work in the WBS.

15. Zero-Based Budgeting
    Budgeting method starting from zero for each period.